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Artificial intelligence machine learning and robotics

Artificial intelligence (AI) describes systems carrying out tasks associated with intelligent behaviour. Machine learning (ML) is an AI approach that learns patterns from data instead of receiving every decision rule explicitly. Robotics concerns programmable physical machines that sense or act. The categories can overlap without being identical.

1. Build an accurate model

A fixed thermostat rule can be automation without ML. A spam classifier trained from labelled messages uses ML. A factory robot may follow fixed instructions without ML. An AI system may produce recommendations without controlling a physical robot.

Fill in the blanks3 marks

A system learning patterns from data uses gap 1. A programmable physical machine belongs to gap 2. A fixed rule is not automatically gap 3.

machine learning
ML
robotics

Multiple choice1 mark

Which example most clearly uses machine learning?

AA timer switches a lamp off after 10 minutes
BA model learns from labelled images to classify new images
CA loop prints numbers 1 to 10
DA door opens whenever one fixed sensor condition is true

2. Worked application

A delivery robot can combine all three ideas: camera and distance sensors supply input; an ML model may classify obstacles; control software chooses a route; motors act. The robot is physical, but only the learned classification part must be ML.

Written answer2 marks

Explain why a rule-based calculator is not necessarily a machine-learning system.

Contrast explicit rules with learned patterns.

Students type their answer here.

Written answer3 marks

For a crop-monitoring robot, identify one input, one processing decision and one resulting action.

Make the chain technically specific.

Students type their answer here.

3. Apply to the stated people and system

Name the input or data, the processing or decision, the affected stakeholder and the resulting effect. Avoid claims that could fit any technology.

Written answer3 marks

Explain one useful application of ML that does not require a robot.

Give data, learned decision and benefit.

Students type their answer here.

Multiple choice1 mark

Which statement is accurate?

AEvery robot uses ML
BEvery automated if statement is AI
CAI, ML and robotics overlap but are not synonyms
DA robot must look human

Examination method

For Explain, link cause and consequence. For Discuss, consider more than one aspect, apply each point to the scenario and reach a conclusion supported by the evidence.

Route forward

Next you will examine how data and design can create safety, accountability, bias and liability concerns.